Natural Super Glue from Mistletoe Berries
A Cellulose-Based Material Could be Useful for Medical Applications such as Wound Sealant
Close up of mistletoe berries containing sticky seeds. Copyright: Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces / Nils Horbelt
A team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPICI) and McGill University in Canada discovered strong adhesive properties of white-berry mistletoe. The mistletoe berry's flexible fibers adhere to both skin and cartilage as well as to various synthetic materials and could find application in many fields, such as wound sealant in biomedicine, through ease of processing.
For their research, the materials scientists led by Cluster Co-Director Prof. Dr. Peter Fratzl picked the mistletoe berries from the trees themselves. From his office window, the director of the Department of Biomaterials can see the many green parasitic plants. »Mistletoe grows in large numbers everywhere, including the Max Planck Campus, and is biodegradable and renewable,« says Peter Fratzl, adding, »For the first time, we are now investigating how to harness its excellent adhesive properties for potential medical or technical uses.« Advantages of the biological glue: it adheres very well and is easy to remove under humid conditions.
To observe the adhesive properties, materials scientist and former carpenter Dr. Nils Horbelt wore the mistletoe glue on his fingers for three days in a self-experiment: »Afterwards, I was able to remove the viscin by simply rubbing my fingers together.« Each mistletoe berry can produce a sticky thread up to two meters long called viscin - a natural cellulose adhesive. This allows the seeds of the semi-parasitic plant to stick to their host plants. The researchers in the former research group of Dr. Matthew Harrington, who has since moved on to a professorship at McGill University in Canada, discovered that viscin fibers can be stretched into thin films or assembled into 3D structures by simply processing them when wet. This natural super glue could potentially find application as a wound sealant, and it also adheres to metals, glass and plastics. Also exciting is the fact that the adhesive properties are fully reversible under humid conditions. »Many questions remain about this very unusual Material,« says Nils Horbelt, first author of the present study. The next step will now be to investigate the chemistry behind this swellable, extremely sticky material in order to be able to imitate the bonding process in a second step.